Galton is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Illinois, United States. Galton is located on U.S. Route 45, 4 miles north of Arcola. The community was named after Douglas Galton, a British actuary who visited Illinois several times to examine the books of the Illinois Central Railroad on behalf of Dutch and British investors. In 1883, a post office was es…Galton is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Illinois, United States. Galton is located on U.S. Route 45, 4 miles north of Arcola. The community was named after Douglas Galton, a British actuary who visited Illinois several times to examine the books of the Illinois Central Railroad on behalf of Dutch and British investors. In 1883, a post office was established.