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  1. Studies of endothelin
    National Center for Biotechnology Information
    Physiology, Endothelin - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
    Endothelin is a 21-amino acid long peptide that is a vasoconstrictor produced from endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), macrophages, and the renal medulla. They are known to produce endothelin-1 (ET-1) that acts on the receptors ETA
    Author: Anoop Titus, R…
    Published: 2023/05/01
    Affiliations: Saint Vinc…
    PubMed
    Endothelin - PubMed
    The endothelins comprise three structurally similar 21-amino acid peptides. Endothelin-1 and -2 activate two G-protein coupled receptors, ETA and ETB, with equal affinity, whereas endothelin-3 has a lower affinity for the ETA subtype. Genes encoding the
    Author: Anthony P Dav…
    Published: 2016/4
    Keywords: National In…
    PubMed
    Physiology, Endothelin - PubMed
    Endothelin is a 21-amino acid long peptide that is a vasoconstrictor produced from endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), macrophages, and the renal medulla. They are known to produce endothelin-1 (ET-1) that acts on the receptors ETA
    Author: Anoop Titus
    Published: 2023/1
    Keywords: National In…
    PubMed
    Endothelin: 30 Years From Discovery to Therapy
    Discovered in 1987 as a potent endothelial cell-derived vasoconstrictor peptide, endothelin-1 (ET-1), the predominant member of the endothelin peptide family, is now recognized as a multifunctional peptide with cytokine-like activity contributing to
    Author: Matthias Barton
    Published: 2019/12
    Keywords: clinical trial…
    National Center for Biotechnology Information
    ENDOTHELIN IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
    Endothelin is a recently discovered peptide composed of 21 amino acids. There are three endothelin isomers: endothelin -1 (ET-1), endothelin -2 (ET-2) and endothelin - 3 (ET-3). In humans and animals levels of ET-1, ET-2, ET-3 and big endothelin in
    Author: Emina Nakas-I…
    Published: 2004/08
    Publication: Bosn J Ba…
    National Center for Biotechnology Information
    Endothelin - PMC - National Center for Biotechnology Information
    Endothelin-1 is the most potent vasoconstrictor agent currently identified, and it was originally isolated and characterized from the culture media of aortic endothelial cells. Two other isoforms, termed endothelin-2 and endothelin-3, were subsequently
    Author: Yoshifumi Kaw…
    Published: 2011/01
    DOI: 10.1007/s00018-0…
    PubMed
    Endothelin-1: Biosynthesis, Signaling and Vasoreactivity
    Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an extremely potent vasoconstrictor peptide originally isolated from endothelial cells. Its synthesis, mainly regulated at the gene transcription level, involves processing of a precursor by a furin-type proprotein convertase to
    Author: M Houde
    Published: 2016
    Keywords: Endothelin …
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    Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelin

    Endothelin - Wikipedia

    Endothelins are peptides with receptors and effects in many body organs. Endothelin constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure. The endothelins are normally kept in balance by other mechanisms, but when overexpressed, they contribute to high blood pressure (hypertension), heart disease, … See more

    Etymology

    Endothelins derived the name from their isolation in cultured endothelial cells. See more

    Isoforms

    There are three isoforms of the peptide (identified as ET-1, 2, 3), each encoded by a separate gene, with varying regions of expression and binding to at least four known See more

    Physiological effects

    Endothelins are the most potent vasoconstrictors known. Overproduction of endothelin in the lungs may cause pulmonary hypertension, which was treatable in … See more

    Antagonists

    Earliest antagonists discovered for ETA were BQ123, and for ETB, BQ788. An ETA-selective antagonist, ambrisentan was approved for … See more

    Overview image
    Mechanism of action and function

    Endothelin functions through activation of two G protein-coupled receptors, endothelinA and endothelinB receptor (ETA and ETB, … See more

    Clinical significance

    The ubiquitous distribution of endothelin peptides and receptors implicates involvement in a wide variety of physiological and … See more

    External links

    • Endothelins at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) See more

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  3. National Center for Biotechnology Information
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551627

    Physiology, Endothelin - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf

    WEBMay 1, 2023 · Endothelin is a 21-amino acid long peptide that is a vasoconstrictor produced from endothelial cells, vascular smooth …

    • Published: 2023/05/01

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    Endothelins and Endothelin Receptor Antagonists | …
    ahajournals.org
    Endothelins in cardiovascular biology and therapeutics
    nature.com
    Recommended to you based on what's popular • Feedback
  4. Cleveland Clinic
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/23139-endothelin

    Endothelin: Function and Purpose - Cleveland Clinic

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    How to improve endothelial repair mechanisms: the …
    pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    Endothelin receptor antagonist - Wikipedia
    en.wikipedia.org
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  5. People also ask
    How does endothelin work?
    Endothelin functions in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion. It virtually affects almost all organs of the body.

    Physiology, Endothelin - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf

    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    How many types of endothelin are there?
    Medical researchers first identified endothelins in 1987. Four different amino acid peptides make up three types of endothelins, which are all vasoconstrictors. The most common and strongest endothelin in your body is endothelin-1 (ET-1). Researchers are still learning how the ET-2 and ET-3 types affect your body. What are endothelin receptors?

    Endothelin: Function and Purpose - Cleveland Clinic

    my.clevelandclinic.org
    How many amino acids are in endothelin?
    There are three separate biologically active isoforms of endothelin which are all about the same pro-size; they are ET-1 (90 amino acids, [aa], blue color), ET-2 (89 aa, red color), and ET-3 (93 aa, green). Panel B shows the amino acid sequence for ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3. The reference amino acid sequence is ET-1; all the residues are colored blue.

    Endothelin - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

    sciencedirect.com
    Where is endothelin produced?
    Endothelin is produced in endothelial cells, as well as in several tissues, including the brain, where ET-1 has been found in neurons, glial cells, and choroid plexus cells. Synthesis of ET-1 is stimulated by thrombin, cytokines, transforming growth factor-β, vasopressin, angiotensin II, and oxyhemoglobin, while it is inhibited by NO.

    Endothelin - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

    sciencedirect.com
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  6. AHA/ASA Journals
    https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161…

    Endothelin: 30 Years From Discovery to Therapy

    WEBNov 4, 2019 · Abstract. Discovered in 1987 as a potent endothelial cell–derived vasoconstrictor peptide, endothelin-1 (ET-1), the …

    • Author: Matthias Barton, Masashi Yanagisawa, Masashi Yanagisawa
    • Publish Year: 2019
    Tags:
    Publish Year:2019
    Function of Endothelin
  7. Nature
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41569-01…

    Endothelins in cardiovascular biology and therapeutics

    WEBMar 13, 2019 · Key points. Endothelin 1 (ET-1) is the most potent endogenous vasoconstrictor and contributes to basal vascular tone as …

    • Author: Neeraj Dhaun, David J Webb
    • Publish Year: 2019
    Tags:
    Endothelin
    Publish Year:2019
    Neeraj Dhaun, David J Webb
  9. National Center for Biotechnology Information
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9138590

    Endothelin and the Cardiovascular System: The Long Journey and …

  10. ScienceDirect
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/endothelin

    Endothelin - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

  11. Nature
    https://www.nature.com/articles/s44161-023-00347-2

    Current and future strategies for targeting the endothelin pathway …

  12. National Center for Biotechnology Information
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4815360

    Endothelin - PMC - National Center for Biotechnology Information

  13. PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26956245

    Endothelin - PubMed