Endotoxin | Gram-negative, Lipopolysaccharide, Immune Response
WEBendotoxin, toxic substance bound to the bacterial cell wall and released when the bacterium ruptures or disintegrates. Endotoxins consist of lipopolysaccharide and lipoprotein complexes. The protein component determines its foreign (antigenic) nature; the polysaccharide component determines the antibody type that can react with the …
Endotoxin - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
WEBEndotoxins (lipopolysaccharides from the membrane of gram negative bacteria) make up the majority of pyrogens which must be removed from pharmaceutical products, biologicals for injection and some media for tissue cultures. Endotoxins in solution range from molecular weights of 10,000 to 1,000,000.
Lipopolysaccharide - Wikipedia
WEBLPS acts as the prototypical endotoxin because it binds the CD14/TLR4/MD2 receptor complex in many cell types, but especially in monocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells, which promotes the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitric …
Endotoxin - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
WEBEndotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide component of the Gram-negative bacteria cell and is released during active cellular growth and after cell lysis. While it is not an infectious particle, endotoxin is biologically active material derived from bacteria that can affect many human organ systems and disrupt humoral and cellular host mediation systems.
Bacterial endotoxins: biological properties and mechanisms of action
WEBAbstract. Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, LPS) are agents of pathogenicity of Gram-negative bacteria, implicated in the development of Gram-negative shock. Endotoxin reacts with lipopolysaccharide-sensitive cells producing endogenous mediators such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα).
Endotoxin: Structure Source and Effects | SpringerLink
WEBJan 13, 2023 · Endotoxins are insoluble parts of the bacterial cells able to evoke a typical clinical picture characterizing bacterial infection. Usually, Gram-negative bacteria are a major part of the gut microbiota and are a source of endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Bacterial endotoxins and exotoxins in intensive care medicine
WEBMar 12, 2022 · This article discusses bacterial toxins and describes the common disease states they cause. Toxins are generally categorised into endotoxins and exotoxins. Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and cause Gram-negative sepsis. Exotoxins are peptides that are mostly secreted by Gram-positive bacteria.
An in vitro study on factors affecting endotoxin ... - Nature
WEBFeb 18, 2021 · Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are composed of a hydrophilic polysaccharide and a lipophilic lipid domain (lipid A moiety). LPS is a strong stimulator of inflammatory reactions,...
Endotoxins: Structure, Function and Recognition | SpringerLink
WEBUnlike exotoxins, which are secreted in soluble form by live bacteria, endotoxins are comprised of structural components of bacteria. Endotoxins can cause a whole-body inflammatory state, sepsis, leading to low blood pressure, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death.
Innate immune sensing and its roots: the story of endotoxin
WEBFeb 1, 2003 · The discovery of the host sensors — the Toll-like receptors — was rooted in chemical, biological and genetic analyses that centred on a bacterial poison, termed endotoxin. Main. In all epochs and...
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