Ecological communities are shaped by a complex array of direct and indirect interactions. These interactions are spatially and temporally dynamic and can be challenging to disentangle ...

For many years ecologists have sought to understand the roles and importance of direct and indirect effects in communities. Direct effects, as the name implies, deal with the direct impact of one ...

The indirect effect of exchange rates on our everyday lives should not be underestimated. The performance of our domestic currency—good or bad—can have a major impact on the prices we pay ...

Shoplifting by customers has a number of direct and indirect effects on a business. Minimizing the effects of theft is an important factor in retail safety, store design and customer service.

Sometimes these indirect effects are tiny. But when they are large they can become problematic—what economists call externalities. Externalities are among the main reasons governments intervene in the ...

In October 2023, the ICRC organized a meeting of experts to discuss how to implement the commitments outlined in the Political Declaration. Some 21 military experts from 17 states that have endorsed ...

BDS activists have called for institutions to divest from Israel-related holdings, boycott Israeli-made products and for governments to impose sanctions on Israel to weaken international support. Many ...

Yellen, taking a rare step toward to the political arena, never mentioned Trump, the presumptive Republican presidential ...

Organizations are increasingly subject to rating and ranking by third-party evaluators. Research in this area tends to emphasize the direct effects of ratings systems that occur when ratings give key ...

companies willing to introduce more active workstations could see significant improvements to workers’ health and well-being, ...

To evaluate whether the effects of GLP-1RAs on blood pressure are direct or indirect, investigators from Lincoln Medical Center in New York, New York and the University of Chicago in the United States ...