The retropharyngeal approach is used to avoid the risks and limitations of transmucosal surgery. The standard Smith-Robinson approach does not allow complete exposure of the C3 body/disk in ...

Whole carcasses, heads, or tissues The intact head with tongue, larynx, and adjacent soft tissues still attached is preferred Tissues collected for testing include brainstem (obex region of the ...

Plain radiographs of the chest and neck showed pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema in the soft tissues of the neck and right side of the chest tracking cephalad through the fascial planes of ...

We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 14 patients who had anterior cervical spine surgery by the retropharyngeal approach between April 1996 and April 1998. The review was conducted in a manner ...