The cases had established the European Union as the world’s leading tech watchdog, but have since raised questions about its protracted appeals process.

The goal of many small businesses is to grow as large as possible, but Google's and Apple's legal woes remind us that throwing your weight around as a market giant can have costly consequences.

Ireland case was by far the biggest in outgoing E.U. antitrust chief Margrethe Vestager’s decade-long campaign against selective tax benefits to big firms.